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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1113 |
| | | The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection | |
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| 1120 |
| | | The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem | |
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| 1142 |
| | | The great castle of Krak des Chevaliers is built in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Knights of St John | |
|  | Krak des Chevaliers
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| 1154 |
| | | The inhabitants of Damascus surrender their city to Nur ed-Din, helping him greatly in his campaign against the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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| 1187 |
| | | Saladin takes Jerusalem and treats the Christian inhabitants with a consideration unusual for the time | |
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| 1191 |
| | | The Teutonic Knights are founded to run a hospital in Acre, in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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| 1204 |
| | | A Latin empire is set up in Constantinople on the same basis as the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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